Pancreatitis is a disease in which the pancreas becomes inflamed.It has a huge role in the digestive system – it regulates energy metabolism, synthesizes digestive juices and is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates.
Enzymes first enter the stomach and then the duodenum, where they begin to activate.If the pancreas is inflamed, enzymes begin to "work" at an early stage - that is, even before secretion.Damage occurs - the gland begins to be digested, which causes the death of some pancreatic cells.
Causes of pancreatitis can be:
- infectious diseases not related to the digestive system - for example, seasonal acute respiratory viral infections;
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
- poor nutrition;
- stress;
- alcohol abuse.
Pancreatitis can develop in several forms - acute, reactive and chronic.In acute cases, the pancreas can be completely or partially inflamed;it develops reactively in the background of diseases of the digestive system - peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, gall bladder or liver.
The chronic form can be in remission for a long time, and most often the disease progresses slowly.In most cases, inflammation reappears when the diet is disrupted.
The nature of the diet in pancreatitis of the pancreas plays a big role - it is impossible to prevent deterioration without following a special diet.What are these diets and what principles are used to create a menu for pancreatitis?
Principles of nutrition in pancreatitis
The basic principle of creating a diet that normalizes the work of the pancreas is to minimize the load on the digestive organ.
During an exacerbation, doctors give the following recommendations to adults: "hunger, cold and rest".If the patient is in the hospital, and pancreatitis is in an acute phase, then he is advised to refuse food for 2-3 days, and useful substances - salts and liquids - enter the body by dripping.If you fast at home, it is impossible to fully ensure the normal balance of water and electrolytes.You should and can drink, but only in small portions.
Even adults need to replenish their nutrient reserves.Specially designed diets come to the rescue.The "most tested" of them is table no.5.
Principles of this diet:
- create the gentlest conditions for the stomach and intestines - using mechanical and chemical unloading;
- eliminate pancreatic dysfunction;
- prevent negative changes in liver tissue - fatty infiltration;
- reduce the excitability of the gallbladder.
The diet should be followed not only during the treatment of the disease, but also for another year after bringing it into remission.
The main properties of diet in the treatment of pancreatitis:
- In the daily menu, you should limit the number of products that contain substances that have an extractive effect - stimulating the production of pancreatic enzymes:
- refractory fats;
- purines;
- essential oils;
- cholesterol;
- coarse fibers;
- glucose.
- The nature of the diet - food with a high protein content reduces the amount of carbohydrates and fats.
- Cooking technology - boiling, steaming, baking in foil, stewing.
- Meals are fractional - up to 6 times a day, in small portions.You have to get up from the table with a slight feeling of malnutrition, so as not to overload the pancreas.
- For the first time after an exacerbation, you can only eat pureed food.
- You will have to temporarily give up spices, including salt;
- You cannot eat hot or cold food;dishes should be heated to approximately body temperature - 36°C.
The drinking regime is limited.You can drink as much as you want only when the urge to vomit has completely subsided.
There is no need to be afraid of dietary restrictions in the first days after an attack - fasting during treatment is only useful.
Diet menu for pancreatitis
When drawing up a menu for a few days during an exacerbation of pancreatitis, you must immediately take into account its features - the products need to be ground.For example, if there is meat - then souffles or meatballs, potatoes - mashed potatoes, and so on...
The menu consists of the following products - their sample list:
- baby food - you can use what is packed in jars and in powder, which is later diluted with liquid;
- mashed potatoes, cauliflower or white cabbage;
- pureed fresh cheese.
Proportions of nutrients in the daily menu - fats - 50-70 g, proteins - 130-150 g, carbohydrates - 300-320 g.
Approximately 2-4 days after the exacerbation, the nausea disappears, and it is necessary to restore the amount of fluid in the body.It is necessary to drink about 1.5 liters of water a day, in small sips, a glass every 6 hours.Heavier dishes are introduced into the diet gradually, after the pain is eliminated, one meal for each meal.
From that time - around day 4 - the menu includes the following dishes and products:
- kefir - only low-fat;
- Chicken breast soup;
- egg white omelette;
- juices from non-acidic berries, diluted to half with water;
- Decoction of rose hips;
- up to approximately 30 g of honey per day;
- dried wholemeal flour bread;
- unsweetened crackers or biscuits;
- boiled pasta - you can not use pasta or curls, preference should be given to small noodles;
- the mash is rubbed through a sieve;in case of pancreatitis, you can cook it from buckwheat or oatmeal (some nutritionists allow you to eat semolina, but it must be completely cooked so that it does not swell in the stomach).
You can eat the following foods:
- lean meat - chicken breast, beef, rabbit;
- fish – cooked, only meat can be used;fish broth and other broths made from fish broth must not be eaten;
- fruit – baked or blanched;
- meat soup - secondary;
- pureed vegetables - broccoli, cauliflower, pumpkin.
The nature of the diet during pancreatitis depends on the general condition of the patient.
How does the diet change in pancreatitis?
An approximate food menu in the first days after exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis looks something like this:
1 day:
- breakfast - half a portion of slimy oatmeal soup and half a glass of non-carbonated mineral water;
- snack – baked apple without peel and sugar;
- lunch - mashed potatoes - also half a portion - with milk, without any spices;
- afternoon snack - jelly and bread flour;
- dinner - buckwheat porridge with weak tea, white milk;
- bedtime - a little milk diluted with water.
Day 2:
- breakfast - steamed protein omelet, chamomile decoction;
- snack – baked pear;
- lunch - pearl barley soup, ground, on water, crackers with compote;
- afternoon snack - milk souffle;
- dinner - semolina porridge, pureed dried fruit, weak tea;
- bedtime - half a glass of decoction of rose hips.
Then, you can relax the diet a little - if the condition has returned to normal:
- breakfast - oatmeal with dried fruit, preferably with raisins, rosehip broth;
- snack – raw banana;
- lunch - steamed fish with carrot puree, dried fruit compote;
- afternoon snack - fresh cheese seasoned with honey;
- dinner - milky rice porridge with weak tea;
- going to bed - half a glass of diluted milk.
A diet for chronic pancreatitis, when the condition returns to normal, may look like this - an approximate version of the daily menu:
- breakfast - vegetable puree, a piece of meat souffle, juice diluted with water, weak tea;
- snack - protein omelet, steamed cutlet from chicken breast, piece of dried bread, kefir;
- lunch - small noodles in chicken breast broth, boiled vegetables with a piece of steamed fish, bread, dried fruit compote;
- afternoon snack - crackers with sweet berry jelly, maybe a little honey;
- dinner - steamed meatballs, rice porridge (or mashed potatoes), stewed vegetables, tea.
If you want to eat before going to bed, you can eat a cracker, sweet fruit or drink a glass of kefir.
A well-designed menu for the treatment of pancreatitis will help to quickly bring the disease into remission.The diet should be followed for one year after the last exacerbation.